关键词25：核应急“一案三制”建设

中国高度重视核应急的预案和法制、体制、机制（简 称“一案三制”）建设，通过法律制度保障、体制机制保障， 建立健全国家核应急组织管理体系。

加强全国核应急预案体系建设。国家制定《国家核应 急预案》，按照该预案要求，各级政府部门和核设施营运 单位制定各自的核应急预案，形成相互配套衔接的全国核 应急预案体系。

加强核应急法制建设。中国基本形成集国家法律、行 政法规、部门规章、国家和行业标准、管理导则于一体的 核应急法律法规标准体系。

加强核应急管理体制建设。中国核应急实行国家统一 领导、综合协调、分级负责、属地管理为主的管理体制。

加强核应急机制建设。中国实行由一个部门牵头、多 个部门参与的核应急组织协调机制。国家和各相关省（区、 市）以及核设施营运单位建立专家委员会或支撑机构，为 核应急准备与响应提供决策咨询和建议。

Keyword 25：Planning for Nuclear Emergency Preparedness and Response in Tandem with Enhanced Legislative/ Institutional/Regulatory Mechanisms

China attaches great importance to planning for nuclear emergency preparedness and response in tandem with enhanced legislative/institutional/regulatory mechanisms, which ensure and help improve the functioning of a national nuclear emergency management system.

To strengthen national nuclear emergency planning, China has enacted the National Nuclear Emergency Response Plan, which requires governments at all levels and nuclear facility operators to develop their own nuclear emergency plans as part of nationwide nuclear emergency planning.

It is also important to strengthen China’s nuclear emergency legal framework, comprising state laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules, national and industrial standards, and management guidelines.

Efforts have been ongoing to improve China’s nuclear emergency management system, which is under centralized direction at the national level, and facilitates coordination, with clear lines of responsibility and adequate local involvement.

To strengthen nuclear emergency response coordination, a special coordination mechanism has been established, consisting of a lead agency and multiple other agencies. There are also committees of experts or support groups at the national and provincial (regional and municipal) levels and within nuclear facility operating organizations, providing advice on nuclear emergency preparedness and response.